giovedì 6 ottobre 2011

Health impacts of indoor air pollution

Health impacts of indoor air pollution

photo of doctor with child
Copyright: Nigel Bruce

Indoor cooking and heating with biomass fuels (agricultural residues, dung, straw, wood) or coal produces high levels of indoor smoke that contains a variety of health-damaging pollutants.

There is consistent evidence that exposure to indoor air pollution can lead to acute lower respiratory infections in children under five, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer (where coal is used) in adults.


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mercoledì 5 ottobre 2011

Frequently Asked Questions on urban outdoor air pollution and health

Frequently Asked Questions on urban outdoor air pollution and health

Quantifying environmental health impacts

Preventing disease through healthy environments: Towards an estimate of the environmental burden of disease

Preventing disease thru healthy environments cover

How much disease could be prevented through better management of our environment? The environment influences our health in many ways — through exposures to physical, chemical and biological risk factors, and through related changes in our behaviour in response to those factors. To answer this question, the available scientific evidence was summarized and more than 100 experts were consulted for their estimates of how much environmental risk factors contribute to the disease burden of 85 diseases.

This report summarizes the results globally, by 14 regions worldwide, and separately for children. The evidence shows that environmental risk factors play a role in more than 80% of the diseases regularly reported by the World Health Organization. Globally, nearly one quarter of all deaths and of the total disease burden can be attributed to the environment. In children, however, environmental risk factors can account for slightly more than one-third of the disease burden. These findings have important policy implications, because the environmental risk factors that were studied largely can be modified by established, cost-effective interventions. The interventions promote equity by benefiting everyone in the society, while addressing the needs of those most at risk.

Download the full document

Download the executive summary

Download individual chapters

To reduce the size of the files, pages bearing only pictures have not been included.

NEW: Update of global statistics - Annex 2 tables

  • Table A2.3
    pdf, 24kb

    Deaths attributable to environmental factors, by disease and mortality stratum, for WHO Regions in 2004.
  • Table A2.4
    pdf, 26kb

    Burden of disease (DALYs) attributable to environmental factors, by disease and mortality stratum, for WHO Regions in 2004.

Publishing and ordering information

© World Health Organization 2006
ISBN 92 4 159382 2
To order a hard copy of the report

Press release

Radio interviews

  • Radio interviews
    by Dr Maria Neira, Director, Public Health and the Environment Department, WHO, Dr Annette Prüss-Üstün, Scientist, Public Health and the Environment Department, WHO and lead author of the report Dr Carlos Corvalan, Scientist, Public Health and the Environment Department, WHO and co-author of the report

Video message

Public Health and Environment (PHE)

Air quality guidelines - global update 2005

WHO's work on environmental health provides the basis for global standards in environmental quality and an effective investments for public health such as air quality guidelines and drinking-water quality guidelines.

Clean air is considered to be a basic requirement of human health and well-being. However, air pollution continues to pose a significant threat to health worldwide. According to a WHO assess¬ment of the burden of disease due to air pollution, more than 2 million premature deaths each year can be attributed to the effects of urban outdoor air pollution and indoor air pollution (caused by the burning of solid fuels). More than half of this disease burden is borne by the populations of developing countries.

Air quality guidelines have been published by WHO in 1987 and they were revised in 1997. Given the wealth of new studies on the health effects of air pollution that have been published in the scientific literature since the completion of the second edi¬tion of the Air quality Guidelines for Europe, includ¬ing important new research from low-and middle-income countries where air pollution levels are at their highest, WHO has undertaken to review the accumulated scientific evidence and to consider its implications for its air quality guidelines. The result of this work is presented in this document in the form of revised guideline values for selected air pollutants, which are applicable across all WHO regions.

The Executive summary of the revised air quality guidelines is available as per the link below.

WHO Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide - Global update 2005 - Summary of risk assessment

The full edition of the guidelines is available at:

See also

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